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Writer's pictureMariusz K

What Happens If Anemia Is Left Untreated? A Medical Review




Anemia is a condition that occurs when your body lacks enough red blood cells to carry oxygen to your organs and tissues. This can lead to a range of symptoms, including fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and dizziness. While anemia can be caused by a variety of factors, including iron deficiency, vitamin deficiency, and chronic disease, it is important to seek treatment if you are experiencing symptoms.

If left untreated, anemia can lead to serious complications, including heart problems, cognitive issues, and even death. Without enough oxygen, your heart has to work harder to pump blood throughout your body, which can lead to an enlarged or weakened heart. Additionally, anemia can affect your cognitive function, making it harder to concentrate and remember things. In severe cases, anemia can lead to organ failure and even death.

Fortunately, anemia is a treatable condition. If you suspect that you may have anemia, it is important to speak with your healthcare provider to determine the underlying cause and develop a treatment plan. With the right treatment, you can manage your symptoms and prevent the serious complications associated with untreated anemia.


Understanding Anemia


Definition and Types of Anemia



Anemia is a medical condition that occurs when the body lacks enough red blood cells or hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen throughout the body. When there is a shortage of red blood cells or hemoglobin, the body cannot get enough oxygen, which can cause fatigue, weakness, and other symptoms.

There are several types of anemia, including:

  • Iron-deficiency anemia: This is the most common type of anemia and occurs when the body does not have enough iron to produce hemoglobin.

  • Vitamin-deficiency anemia: This occurs when the body lacks certain vitamins, such as vitamin B12 or folate, which are necessary for the production of red blood cells.

  • Hemolytic anemia: This occurs when red blood cells are destroyed faster than the body can replace them.

  • Aplastic anemia: This is a rare type of anemia that occurs when the body does not produce enough red blood cells.


Causes of Anemia


There are many different causes of anemia, including:

  • Poor diet: Not getting enough iron, vitamin B12, or folate in the diet can lead to anemia.

  • Chronic diseases: Certain chronic diseases, such as kidney disease or cancer, can cause anemia.

  • Blood loss: Loss of blood due to injury, surgery, or menstruation can cause anemia.

  • Genetics: Some types of anemia, such as sickle cell anemia, are inherited.


Symptoms of Anemia


The symptoms of anemia can vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. Common symptoms of anemia include:

  • Fatigue and weakness

  • Shortness of breath

  • Dizziness or lightheadedness

  • Pale skin

  • Cold hands and feet

  • Chest pain

  • Irregular heartbeat

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to talk to your doctor. Anemia can be easily diagnosed with a blood test, and treatment options are available.


Risks of Untreated Anemia


Complications in Adults



If left untreated, anemia can lead to a variety of complications in adults. These complications can include:

  • Increased risk of infections

  • Fatigue and weakness

  • Shortness of breath

  • Irregular heartbeats

  • Chest pain

  • Cognitive problems

  • Increased risk of heart failure

  • Increased risk of stroke

  • Increased risk of dementia

In severe cases, untreated anemia can even lead to death.


Effects on Pregnancy



Untreated anemia during pregnancy can have serious consequences for both the mother and the baby. These consequences can include:

  • Increased risk of premature birth

  • Low birth weight

  • Increased risk of infant mortality

  • Increased risk of maternal mortality


Impact on Child Development


Untreated anemia in children can have a significant impact on their development. Children with untreated anemia may experience delays in cognitive and motor development, as well as behavioural problems. They may also be more prone to infections and have a decreased ability to fight off illness.

It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect you or your child may have anemia. Treatment can help prevent these complications and improve overall health and well-being.



Diagnosing Anemia


Blood Tests and Analysis



To diagnose anemia, doctors will usually perform a blood test to measure the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood. This test is called a complete blood count (CBC) and can also provide information about the size and shape of the red blood cells.

In addition to the CBC, doctors may also perform other blood tests to determine the underlying cause of the anemia, such as iron deficiency or vitamin B12 deficiency. These tests may include iron studies, vitamin B12 and folate levels, and tests for autoimmune disorders or infections.


Bone Marrow Examination


In some cases, doctors may need to perform a bone marrow examination to determine the cause of the anemia. This involves taking a small sample of bone marrow from the hip bone and examining it under a microscope.

A bone marrow examination is usually only necessary if the results of the blood tests are inconclusive or if the doctor suspects a more serious underlying condition, such as leukemia or lymphoma.

Overall, diagnosing anemia is a relatively straightforward process that involves a simple blood test. However, in some cases, further testing may be necessary to determine the underlying cause of the anemia.


Consequences for Daily Life


Physical Performance Decline


Untreated anemia can lead to a decline in physical performance. This is because the body's tissues and organs are not receiving enough oxygen, which can cause weakness, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Anemic individuals may also experience dizziness, headaches, and heart palpitations.


Cognitive Impairment


Anemia can also affect cognitive function. The brain requires oxygen to function properly, and a lack of oxygen can impair memory, concentration, and overall cognitive performance. This can impact an individual's ability to work, study, and perform daily tasks.


Emotional and Psychological Effects


Anemia can also have emotional and psychological effects. Individuals with anemia may experience feelings of depression, anxiety, and irritability. They may also have difficulty sleeping and experience a decreased quality of life.

It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have anemia. Treatment can help improve physical performance, cognitive function, and emotional well-being.

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